Basic Epanutin Information

• International Nonproprietary Name (INN): Phenytoin
• Brand Names Available in United Kingdom: Epanutin, Dilantin
• ATC Code: N03AB02
• Forms & Dosages: Capsules (50 mg, 100 mg), oral suspension (125 mg/5 mL), injectable solution (50 mg/mL)
• Manufacturers in United Kingdom: Pfizer
• Registration Status in United Kingdom: Registered
• OTC / Rx Classification: Prescription Only (Rx)

Latest Research Highlights

Recent clinical studies from the UK and EU conducted between 2022 and 2025 have provided compelling evidence regarding the effectiveness of phenytoin, marketed as Epanutin, in the management of tonic-clonic seizures and partial seizures. A comprehensive meta-analysis demonstrated that around 60% of patients experience significant seizure control when adhering strictly to prescribed dosages.

New avenues of research are focusing on the pharmacogenomics of Epanutin, which reveals that genetic variations can significantly affect individual patient responses to the drug. Understanding these differences can lead to more personalised treatment approaches, optimising therapeutic outcomes.

According to recent data from the NHS, regular monitoring of serum phenytoin levels is essential as it significantly reduces the risk of adverse reactions. This approach not only aids in managing side effects but also ensures that patients remain within the safe and effective therapeutic ranges.

Furthermore, a UK-specific study highlighted a 10% boost in patient satisfaction connected to the use of automated electronic prescriptions linked with pharmacy records. This innovation is changing how patients interact with their healthcare providers, making treatment more straightforward and more accessible.

Important Considerations for Users of Epanutin

It's crucial for patients to discuss their specific circumstances with healthcare professionals regarding Epanutin to maximise its benefits effectively. Some of the key points include:

• Adhering to the prescribed dosage to maintain optimal efficacy.
• Regular blood tests to monitor phenytoin levels can prevent adverse effects.
• Ongoing communication with healthcare providers can help manage any concerns regarding side effects and treatment adjustments.

Staying informed about the latest research and advancements in the use of Epanutin can empower patients in managing their seizure disorders more effectively.

Composition & Brand Landscape

Epanutin is widely recognised as phenytoin, an important antiepileptic medication primarily manufactured by Pfizer. Available in the UK and Europe in various forms, Epanutin can be found as capsules (in strengths of 100 mg and 50 mg), an oral suspension containing 125 mg/5 mL, and injectable solutions at 50 mg/mL. The composition consists primarily of phenytoin as the active ingredient, alongside excipients that optimise both absorption and stability.

Classified under the ATC code N03AB02, Epanutin falls within the hydantoin derivatives category, highlighting its essential role in managing epilepsy. While alternatives such as Dilantin and Phenytek exist, Epanutin remains a preferred choice in many settings due to its strong safety profile.

The rise of generic phenytoin products has led to a wide array of pricing, raising important questions about accessibility within the NHS network. During shortages, prescribed substitutes ensure that patient needs are met.

Healthcare providers must stay updated on dosing, formulations, and potential interactions related to Epanutin to provide safe and effective treatment.

Contraindications & Special Precautions

Using Epanutin (phenytoin) requires careful consideration of contraindications to safeguard patient health.

Absolute contraindications include:

• Allergy to phenytoin or other hydantoins
• Co-administration with delavirdine
• Severe hepatic impairment, particularly with intravenous formulations

Relative contraindications involve situations such as pregnancy, wherein the benefits must significantly outweigh any potential harm to the foetus. Adjustments are critical in cases of renal or hepatic dysfunction. Elderly patients may experience altered pharmacokinetics, requiring close monitoring and potentially lower doses. The NHS also warns against combining phenytoin with certain medications due to its enzyme-inducing effects, which can diminish the efficacy of co-administered drugs.

Patients with diabetes should be alerted to the risk of altered glucose metabolism, while those experiencing seizure disorders must receive education regarding the severe consequences of abruptly discontinuing Epanutin, which can trigger status epilepticus. Effective communication and support from pharmacists regarding lifestyle factors, such as alcohol consumption and driving restrictions, will bolster safe medication use.

Dosage Guidelines

Determining the appropriate dosage for Epanutin (phenytoin) is a crucial aspect of treatment. Standard initial dosages for adults typically commence at 100 mg, administered three times a day, with adjustments made based on serum drug levels.

In children, the initial dosing often starts from 5 mg/kg/day, divided into two to three doses, and can increase to 8 mg/kg/day according to response. Caution is required for elderly patients, who may need a more gradual titration process due to possible decreases in drug clearance.

For patients with renal or liver impairments, dosage adjustments are vital to prevent toxicity. The NHS strongly emphasises the necessity of monitoring serum drug levels, aiming for a therapeutic range between 10–20 mcg/mL to enhance efficacy while minimising risks of adverse events.

If a dose is missed, patients should take it as soon as they remember unless it is nearly time for the next scheduled dose. Doubling up is discouraged, as it can increase the likelihood of side effects.

• Adult Usual Dosage: 100 mg three times daily
• Children Initial Dosing: 5 mg/kg/day, potentially increasing to 8 mg/kg/day
• Elderly Dosing: Less frequent, cautious titration recommended
• Missed Dose Instructions: Take as soon as possible without doubling up

Interactions Overview

Concerns about phenytoin's extensive drug interaction profile are common among patients and healthcare professionals alike. This medication, also known by the brand name Epanutin, plays a critical role in epilepsy management but can significantly impact the effectiveness of other treatments.

Phenytoin is known for its ability to induce hepatic enzymes, primarily the cytochrome P450 system. This induction can result in:

• Reduced efficacy of certain medications, including oral contraceptives.
• Increased risk of adverse reactions with anticoagulants.
• Altered metabolism of various antidepressants.

To mitigate potential complications, it is essential for patients to disclose all current medications to their healthcare providers. Regular monitoring and adjustments can lead to better management of co-existing health issues.

Food and drink interactions also warrant attention. Alcohol consumption can amplify side effects like dizziness or drowsiness. Moreover, caffeine from tea and coffee can skew metabolism rates, complicating overall treatment efficacy.

The UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) facilitates proactive risk management through its Yellow Card scheme. This initiative encourages patients and healthcare professionals to report any unusual side effects they experience with phenytoin, enhancing the overall safety profile.

Given the complexity of drug interactions with Epanutin, maintaining detailed medication records is key for preventing negative outcomes.

Common Food Interactions with Phenytoin

Food and drink interactions play an important role in the management of patients on phenytoin therapy. Patients frequently inquire about how their diet may affect their treatment. Some key points to consider include:

• Alcohol can exacerbate side effects and should be limited.
• Caffeine consumption may require monitoring due to its interaction with phenytoin metabolism.

It's essential for patients taking Epanutin to maintain a consistent level of dietary intake. Abrupt changes can lead to alterations in phenytoin absorption and effectiveness.

Examples of typical questions from patients include:

• “Can I drink alcohol while on phenytoin?”
• “Does coffee affect my medication?”

Phenytoin therapy can require careful planning around food and drink intake, making it crucial for patients to understand these interactions.

Implications for Patient Management

The safety and efficacy of phenytoin treatment hinges on meticulous patient management. Active communication between patients and healthcare professionals ensures that medication interactions are effectively managed. Some key recommendations include:

• Regular medication reviews are essential.
• Encouraging patients to report any side effects.
• Continuous education regarding dietary restrictions related to Epanutin.

Healthcare providers must also be vigilant about identifying drug interactions and their implications. Prompt intervention can prevent complications that arise from these interactions.

In summary, managing phenytoin therapy requires a multifaceted approach. This consideration of drug and food interactions not only optimises efficacy but also enhances patient safety.

Delivery Information for Epanutin